Building materials have a great influence on the room, and the use of the roof

Building materials have a great influence on the room, and the use of the roof
Types and classification of building materials

Residential, public and industrial buildings are structures designed to house people and various equipment and protect them from the environment. All buildings are composed of elements with the same purpose: the foundation serves as the foundation of the building and transfers the load from the building to the ground; the frame-the vertical column or column and the supporting structure of the horizontal element (the frame senses the main load and transfers it to the On the basis, to ensure the strength and stability of the entire structure); the closed structure can protect the internal space of the building from the external environment. Since ancient times, natural materials (stone and wood) have been used in the construction of residential and religious buildings. These are general building materials and all parts of the building are made of these materials-foundations, walls, roofs, and are also used to decorate buildings. The construction of stone buildings is very laborious. In order to keep the building in a normal thermal state, the stone wall must be made very thick (maximum 1 or more), because natural stone is a good heat conductor. Since the strength of the ceiling is not enough to cover a large span, many pillars are placed or a heavy stone vault is made when constructing the ceiling and roof. However, stone construction has a positive quality-durability. On the contrary, the labor intensity of wooden buildings is low, and the materials required for their construction are not as large as those of stone, but because wood is easy to rot and burn, their life span is short. We can know from history how the wooden city was completely destroyed by the fire. With the beginning of industrial production, new materials began to appear, each with its specific characteristics and specific application areas. In construction, materials are professionally processed according to the application field. For example, the roof uses metal plates, rollers, tar and asphalt materials. Used for supporting structure-rolled steel, high-strength concrete; Satsuma used for thermal insulation-fiberboard, mineral wool. There are special finishing materials. In this regard, the construction of buildings has been facilitated and accelerated; building structures have become lighter and more efficient (for example, they can be better protected from heat loss). Factory production of building structures began. Since the 51s, they have begun to build prefab buildings with ready-made elements. Modern buildings are multi-layer prefabricated structures with metal frames and lightweight wall panels, using effective thermal insulation, durable and decorative decorative materials.

At present, many building materials are produced for various purposes, sometimes very narrow purposes: for example, floors, interior tiles, exterior wall tiles, carpet mosaics; roofing mats and glass glues are used for roofing, heat insulation and Waterproof is used for waterproofing. In order to browse various building materials more easily, we have classified them. The classification of building materials is based on their use and technical basis. According to their use, materials are divided into the following categories:-structure, which can sense and transfer loads;-heat insulation, whose main purpose is to minimize the heat transfer process through the building structure, so as to provide the necessary thermal conditions for the room;- Acoustics-sound absorption and sound insulation, designed to reduce the level of the room;-waterproof and roof-form a waterproof layer on the roof and other structures of buildings exposed to water and water vapor;-seal-used to seal joints in prefabricated structures, To ensure airtightness, thereby extending the service life;-Finishing-to improve the decorative quality of building structures, and to protect the materials of these structures from external influences;-For special purposes, such as fire and acid resistance, for the construction of special structures.

Technically, to classify materials, it is necessary to consider the type of raw materials and manufacturing methods from which the materials are obtained. These two factors largely determine the properties of the material, and therefore the scope of its application. Therefore, in order to gain a deeper understanding of the characteristics of the material, this course is mainly based on the technical foundation, and only in some cases consider the material group according to its intended purpose. As a result of chemical treatment of organic raw materials (synthetic polymers, solvents, asphalt, tar), and technical treatment of organic adhesives (construction plastics, organic roofing and waterproof materials).

In order for a building or structure to achieve its purpose and be durable, it is necessary to select suitable materials for the building, while considering its purpose and working conditions (that is, the impact of the external environment). In particular, this applies to facing materials whose purpose is not only to produce a decorative effect, but also to protect the building material from external influences.

What is the impact of building materials? For external and internal structures, these effects are significantly different. The materials of the external structure are affected by natural factors: sun, rain, temperature changes (freezing, thawing), chemically aggressive substances in the air, organisms (bacteria, fungi), etc. Other factors also affect the materials of the internal structure: mechanical influences from the movement of people and equipment, water and steam (in rooms with high humidity), chemically aggressive liquids, and production facilities and industrial structures (furnaces, various storage facilities, etc.) Medium high temperature. According to the purpose of the materials in the structure, and considering the impact of the materials, a set of requirements can be determined for each material. Almost all building materials need to meet certain requirements, such as strength and light weight. Other properties such as heat and sound insulation, frost resistance, etc. only apply to certain materials. How to Carry Building Materials with Your Car